• Eicosanoids are locally acting signaling lipids that are pro

  2024-08-17

  

  Eicosanoids are locally acting signaling lipids that are produced from C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including arachidonic 2768 (AA, C20:4), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) and eicosatrienoic acid (C20:3) (Dennis and Norris, 2015; Funk, 2001; Stables and Gilroy, 2011). According to their bi

• The gene SRD A encodes

  2024-08-17

  

  The gene SRD5A2 encodes the 5-α-reductase enzyme, which converts testosterone into dihydrotestosterone. Although dihydrotestosterone levels are considerably lower than testosterone, dihydrotestosterone has a five-fold stronger binding capacity to the androgen receptor and, thereby, a considerably mo

• Because of its role in tumor

  2024-08-17

  

  Because of its role in tumor growth, proliferation and metastasis, Axl is considered a therapeutic target. Several Axl inhibitors, including low-molecular-weight agents and antibodies, have been reported. Axl inhibition, using low-molecular-weight inhibitors or shRNA knockdown, resulted in reduced t

• Docking studies were performed on

  2024-08-17

  

  Docking studies were performed on the selected compounds to explore their binding patterns and to examine SAR in more detail. The co-crystal structure of ATX in complex with PF-8380 (PDB code: ) was selected for the docking studies due to structural similarity of the most potent compound with PF-838

• Previously using a P lacZ reporter gene system

  2024-08-17

  

  Previously, using a P-lacZ reporter gene system, it has been shown that the β-galactosidase activity was 9-fold higher in the stationary phase Ponesimod when compared with those of the exponential phase [15]. Furthermore, inositol supplementation did not have a major effect on the expression of β-ga

• From an historical perspective ligands for

  2024-08-17

  

  From an historical perspective, ligands for GPCRs (adrenaline, serotonin, Butaprost or morphine, to name a few) have been identified before their receptor counterparts, at a time when the concept of receptor itself was controversial [15]. Although many cognate receptors for endogenous ligands were

• The structural analysis of the

  2024-08-17

  

  The structural analysis of the ASK1 activation segment, which was not phosphorylated in the crystal structure, showed interactions mimicking those found in activated kinases. In addition, the isolated unphosphorylated ASK1-CD is active and able to autophosphorylate itself at three sites, Thr813, Thr

• We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections

  2024-08-17

  

  We subsequently performed immunohistochemistry on sections obtained from mice at 16 weeks after surgery. Type II collagen expression was detected in all articular cartilage zones, but was weak in the upper zone in the vehicle-treated group. MMP-13 and type X collagen expression were increased in the

• While the mechanisms by which

  2024-08-16

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• With one exception all receptors for

  2024-08-16

  

  With one exception, all receptors for dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and norepinephrine are metabotropic receptors. The five metabotropic DA receptors (D1–D5) in the CNS are involved in motivation, pleasure, cognition, learning, memory, fine motor control, and modulate neuroen

• Growing evidence indicates that GRKs can

  2024-08-16

  

  Growing evidence indicates that GRKs can exert different effects within the cell depending on the stimulus, cell type, and localization [97], [121]. In this sense, we were the first to demonstrate a mitochondrial localization for GRK2 [122], later confirmed by other investigators [123], establishing

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by

  2024-08-16

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants from the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (IRT_14R28), the National Basic Research Program of China (973) (Grant No.: 2013CB733602), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of C

• Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role

  2024-08-16

  

  Adenosine receptors are proposed to play proangiogenic role in vascular and immune CGP 41251 within microenvironment of hypoxic tissues to maintain tissue oxygenation in chronic ischemic condition [9]. Adenosine also stimulates the production of angiopoetin-1, VEGF and Interleukin-6 (IL6) via adeno

• br Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous

  2024-08-16

  

  Acknowledgments We thank the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript, and also thank Dr. Hans-U. Dahms for his comments on the manuscript. This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation (2009-0071218) funded to Young-Mi Lee. This work was al

• 17-Hydroxyprogesterone synthesis The small fishers with litt

  2024-08-16

  

  The small fishers with little or no quota who remained relied on quota leasing arrangements to continue their fishing operations. Such arrangements had relatively high transaction costs and by early 2000 it appeared that the demise of the small fisher was imminent [2]. The introduction in 2001 of t

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