• The transporter was successfully expressed in MSCs and HEK c

  2022-01-10

  

  The transporter was successfully expressed in MSCs and HEK 293 cells. In both cell types, the expression of YFP-EAAT2 was confirmed by immunological staining and flow cytometry. The functionality of the transporter was determined by [3H]glutamate uptake assays, and the blood glutamate-grabbing activ

• br Glucocorticoid receptor and metabolic syndrome GCs

  2022-01-10

  

  Glucocorticoid receptor and metabolic syndrome GCs acting through the GR regulate key enzymes of glucose metabolism in the liver, skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and the pancreas. In the liver, GCs regulate the expression of major gluconeogenic enzymes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, g

• The active site of PS is located

  2022-01-10

  

  The active site of PS1 is located at the interior of its TM horseshoe-like fold (29) (Fig. 1). TM2 and TM6 serve as “doors” for substrate entry (30), as also observed in recent molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the PS1 subunit (31). Recent coarse-grained (CG) and atomic simulations also showed

• CC is a widespread disorder affecting up

  2022-01-10

  

  CC is a widespread disorder affecting up to 20% of people worldwide, which also deteriorates the quality of life of patients and causes a substantial economic burden to society. There are 3 categories of CC: normal-transit constipation, slow-transit constipation and defecatory or rectal evacuation d

• This crosstalk may be responsible

  2022-01-10

  

  This crosstalk may be responsible for the beneficial effects of histamine H2 receptor inverse agonists on E64 pathologies and may also explain unwanted effects of these drugs on other tissues. In this way, Allen et al. reported an anaphylactoid reaction following cessation of high-dose ranitidine i

• It is acknowledged that mitochondrial outer

  2022-01-10

  

  It is acknowledged that mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilisation is a pivotal signal for apoptosis, which leads to the liberation of pro-apoptotic molecule such as cytochrome c and post-caspase activation [37]. As a consequence of the protection of mitochondrial integrity, AIV improved mitochon

• Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus GDM is one of

  2022-01-10

  

  Introduction Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications associated with pregnancy [1]. Approximately 7.6% of pregnancies in the United States are complicated by GDM [2,3], which significantly increases the mother's risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) later in l

• Glycogen synthase kinase GSK is currently considered to be

  2022-01-10

  

  Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is currently considered to be a multifunctional serine/threonine kinase involved in a wide spectrum of cellular processes such as glycogen metabolism, cell proliferation, neuronal function, oncogenesis or embryonic development (for recent reviews see: Rayasam et al.

• To further investigate the molecular

  2022-01-07

  

  To further investigate the molecular mechanisms that underlie glycine's β-cell protective effects through its antioxidative activity in diabetes, we used a H2O2/high glucose-induced apoptosis cell model. Similar effects on ROS generation of high glucose and H2O2 support the in vivo results, suggesti

• Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate upt

  2022-01-07

  

  Increasing evidence has shown that blockade of glutamate uptake leads to aberrant behavioral consequences. For example, intracerebroventricular (i.c.v) injection or microinjection of the GLT-1 inhibitor, dihydrokainic Rofecoxib (DHK), into the prefrontal cortex induces anhedonia [8,9]. Microinjectio

• br GluR A knockout mice Genetically modified adult mice

  2022-01-07

  

  GluR-A knockout mice Genetically modified, adult mice lacking the GluR-A AMPA receptor subunit exhibit fast synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, mediated by the receptors formed from the remaining AMPA receptor subunits GluR-B and GluR-C (Sommer et al., 1991), but are deficient in a rapidly

• br Discussion RBCs possess a

  2022-01-07

  

  Discussion RBCs possess a much simpler composition and structure than other eukaryotic UMI-77 and can therefore serve as a convenient system on which to study how cell functioning relates to the molecular and supramolecular properties of its constituents. The model developed in this work is aime

• The improved glucose tolerance of

  2022-01-07

  

  The improved glucose tolerance of Ffar1R258W/R258W mice on HFD was unexpected. In combination with similar fasting blood glucose levels, the significant lower fasting plasma insulin of mutant mice compared to wild-type mice is indicative of improved insulin sensitivity. However, peripheral insulin r

• The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering f

  2022-01-07

  

  The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering ferroptosis, by compounds termed FIN56 and FINO2, provided new insights into regulation of ferroptosis. FINO2 acts through a distinct mechanism: it promotes lipid peroxidation by oxidizing iron and indirectly inactivating GPX4 [180]. FIN56 w

• br Drug design Over the past decades the development

  2022-01-07

  

  Drug design Over the past decades, the development of synthetic, direct fXa inhibitors has undergone four phase. Although these fXa inhibitors possess various scaffolds, most of them bind to the active site in a characteristic l-shaped conformation. In other word, they have a three-component syst

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