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The observed tendency for higher plasma lactate levels in
2022-03-17
The observed tendency for higher plasma lactate levels in the aerated thermal exposure suggests increased reliance on Disuflo Cy3 azide metabolism to maintain function. This finding is supported by a recent study that observed an increased ṀO2 in European perch (Perca fluviatilis) exposed to a hype
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The opposite modulation observed for circulating LPI levels
2022-03-16
The opposite modulation observed for circulating LPI levels and WAT GPR55 Amsacrine by nutritional status suggests that increased levels of LPI may down-regulate the expression of its receptor in WAT, whereas in conditions of low serum LPI levels, the expression of GPR55 is stimulated. However, dur
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Adenosine triphosphate ATP is thought to be a
2022-03-16
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is thought to be a crucial molecule in acute pain signaling in the DRG, as well as in the development and maintenance of chronic pain (Burnstock, 2009, Burnstock, 2013, Burnstock, 2014, Chizh and Illes, 2001). Extracellular ATP activates the ionotropic P2X receptors (Bur
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br Material and methods br
2022-03-16
Material and methods Results Discussion The inhibitory action of a GABA agonist, muscimol, on the level of mRNA encoding GnRH in the POA-hypothalamus [25] of follicular-phase sheep has suggested that at the hypothalamic level GABA may exert a suppressive effect on subsequent steps of the Gn
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The molecular identity of RA s target during
2022-03-16
The molecular identity of RA’s target during LTP induction was determined by pharmacological testing. The inhibitory effects of CNQX and niflumic acid on LTP induction remained even in the presence of RA, indicating RA did not affect either the AMPA receptor nor chloride channel (Fig. 2B and D) [26]
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br Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding pro
2022-03-16
Acknowledgements The authors are grateful for funding provided by the Health Research Council of New Zealand. Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, fa
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br Methods br Results br Discussion
2022-03-16
Methods Results Discussion Among three main signaling pathways activated by bFGF, the MAPK pathway was found to be involved in the upregulation of GR levels. So far, there have been a few candidates that could connect activated ERK to the upregulation of GR. One likely candidate is the zinc
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cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces
2022-03-16
cAMP is a key secondary messenger which transduces extracellular signals at glucagon receptors to intracellular effector molecules. cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) pathway increases the gene expression of enzymes including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) whic
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The elective controlled fasting study in our
2022-03-16
The elective controlled fasting study in our patient provides further metabolic profiling in patients with GCGR defect. Despite her lean body mass with low weight, at the age of 7 years old she demonstrated a good tolerance for fasting with hypoglycemia ep4 receptor level, insulin, and counter-regu
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It is possible that regulation of adiposity and
2022-03-16
It is possible that regulation of adiposity and glucose homeostasis by GIP are in part mediated by altering leptin levels and/or leptin signaling. However, we are unaware of reports that support this mechanism of action of GIP. In addition, leptin levels in GIP receptor knockout mice [12], [52] and
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Moreover after the initial bleaching of the fluorescent mole
2022-03-16
Moreover, after the initial bleaching of the fluorescent molecules in the targeted cell exposed to laser illumination, the neighboring reservoir N-acetyl D-galactosamine are expected to give in return new fluorescent ones if the cells are coupled together by gap junction channels. This supposes tha
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AD is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative
2022-03-16
AD is an irreversible and progressive neurodegenerative disease affecting the ethionamide which insidiously destroys memory, thinking skills and cognition. Originally described in 1906 by German physician Alois Alzheimer, AD is characterized by the presence of intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles
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In summary the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic acid
2022-03-16
In summary, the SAR of a series of phenylpropanoic acid-free fatty Psalmotoxin 1 receptor agonists is described which resulted in the identification of potent FFA4 agonists. The superior pharmacokinetic properties of compound led to its selection as an in vivo tool compound which afforded robust eff
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br Materials and methods All
2022-03-15
Materials and methods All studies were performed in 230–250g timed-pregnant Sprague Dawley rats (Harlan, Indianapolis, Indiana). Animals were housed in a temperature controlled room with a 12:12 light:dark cycle. All experimental procedures in this study were in accordance with the National Insti
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br Discussion The initial reduction and the
2022-03-15
Discussion The initial reduction and the subsequent increase in permeability proposes a regulatory process to control bleeding. However, following repeated injury, or during long-term presence of the inflammatory stimuli, these mechanisms may become defective and even detrimental. The expression
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