• Introduction Substantial body of evidence supports the notio

  2022-03-12

  

  Introduction Substantial body of evidence supports the notion that GABA, the dominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus of mammals, affects GnRH release by two classes of membrane receptors: GABAA (GABAAR) [1] and GABAB (GABAB R) [2]. Studies in rodents and sheep have documented that

• The amino hydroxy methyl isoxazolepropionic acid AMPA recept

  2022-03-12

  

  The α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Fomepizole (AMPA) receptors are related ionotropic glutamate receptors (iGluRs) that mediate fast excitatory neurotransmission, and are also typically heteromeric ion channels, composed of GluA2 subunits in conjugation with GluA1, GluA3, or GluA4 s

• br Conclusion Until recently astrocytes were recognized sole

  2022-03-12

  

  Conclusion Until recently, astrocytes were recognized solely for their maintenance role in the regulation of Thienoguanosine homeostasis. Nowadays, this idea has changed, it is clear that these cells play a crucial role in the regulation of neuronal activity and signal transmission. In particula

• br Introduction Cherry tomato Solanum lycopersicum L

  2022-03-12

  

  Introduction Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is a commonly consumed fruit on a worldwide scale due to its characteristic flavor and high nutrition (Wei et al., 2016, Yu et al., 2014). Tomato is low in fat and calories, and is a rich natural source of nutrition and bioactive antioxidant co

• Nowadays there is no information if bifunctionality is

  2022-03-12

  

  Nowadays, there is no information if bifunctionality is an exclusive trait of the order Methanococcales or if this characteristic is shared by other orders from archaea, like Methanosarcinales. These organisms are mainly methanogenic, and are not able to use exogenous hexoses as carbon source for ce

• br GR Is a Transcriptional Activator How

  2022-03-12

  

  GR Is a Transcriptional Activator How GR activates some genes while repressing others remains unsettled after decades of study. While significant controversy exists regarding GR-mediated repression, a consensus model for transcriptional activation has emerged: GR activates transcription through s

• br Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts

  2022-03-12

  

  Introduction Glucagon is a peptide hormone that acts to increase blood glucose levels. The secretion of glucagon from the alpha Melatonin synthesis of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas is increased during fasting and prevents hypoglycemia. Glucagon increases glycogenolysis and gluconeogen

• ampk inhibitors br The GLI code The

  2022-03-12

  

  The GLI code The GLI code model [21], [22] considers the total GLI function as a balance of positive activator (GLIA) and negative repressive (GLIR) activities with GLI1 being mostly a positive transcription factor and GLI3 mostly a transcriptional repressor. The GLIA:GLIR ratio is thus critical,

• While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and

  2022-03-12

  

  While CART increased circulating levels of GIP and GLP-1 in vivo, we were unable to detect any effect of exogenous CART on GIP and GLP-1 mRNA expression or GLP-1 secretion in vitro. There is no ready explanation for this discrepancy. The CART doses used (both in vivo and in vitro) have been shown to

• Interestingly transgenic mice that constitutively express

  2022-03-12

  

  Interestingly, transgenic mice that constitutively express active FXR in the intestine (iVP16FXR) are protected from chemically-induced and genetically-induced cholestasis. This protective effect is attributed to the induction of intestinal FGF15 and repression of hepatic Cyp7a1 expression, downregu

• Cell Cycle Compound Library We detected the FFAR protein wit

  2022-03-12

  

  We detected the FFAR2 protein with a molecular mass of about 50 kDa, which is comparable to the main band detected in pigs (Li et al., 2014) but different from the calculated size based on the sequence (Wang et al., 2009). The size difference can be explained, at least in part, by glycosylation site

• The objective of this study is to

  2022-03-12

  

  The objective of this study is to design and synthesize drug-like molecules with agonistic activity on both receptors; PPARγ and FFAR1. These agents would act as insulin sensitizers and insulin secretagogues through their action on PPARγ and FFAR1, respectively. The design of drugs with dual mode of

• It has been reported that the FDP synthase in Hevea

  2022-03-12

  

  It has been reported that the FDP synthase in Hevea latex has a major role to produce the starter substrate FPP for the prenyl chain elongation in natural rubber biosynthesis (Takaya et al., 2003). Accumulation of HbFDP mRNA transcripts in different tissue types including latex (natural rubber) prod

• br Introduction Currently HIV infection treatment guidelines

  2022-03-11

  

  Introduction Currently, HIV-1 infection treatment guidelines adopted in USA and EU provide for the simultaneous administration of three antiretroviral drugs (HAART “Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy”) in severely compromised patients [[1], [2], [3]]. Coupling at least two different mechanisms

• resiquimod br Funding This study was supported by grants

  2022-03-11

  

  Funding This study was supported by grants-in-aid for scientific research from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science (grant 16K186462 to Dr. Tomizawa, grant 16K19989 to Dr. Kobayashi, and grant 16H05433 to Dr. Mitsudomi) and a research grant from Boehringer-Ingelheim (to T. Mitsudomi). Co

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