• br Acknowledgments br Introduction The incidence of cholangi

  2022-09-08

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction The incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignant tumor found in both intra- and extra-hepatic biliary epithelia [1], has been increased worldwide over the past two decades [2]. The prognosis of CCA patients are generally poor, due to the lack of early detecti

• Epigenetic drugs such as HDAC inhibitors regulate gene

  2022-09-08

  

  Epigenetic drugs, such as HDAC inhibitors, regulate gene expression by affecting the activity of histone or DNA modifying enzymes and their associated transcriptional response [141]. BET bromodomain protein inhibition is another epigenetic approach for blocking the Hedgehog pathway at the downstrea

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We

  2022-09-08

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Prof. Y. Tomari at the University of Tokyo for experimental advice and K. Hanada for technical assistance. This research was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas “Nascent Chain Biology” (JP15H01548 and JP17H05677 to T.I. a

• It was reported that GPR is expressed on macrophages

  2022-09-08

  

  It was reported that GPR120 is expressed on macrophages in adipose tissue (Oh et al., 2010). Whether GPR120-positive YC 1 sale in human and rat pancreas belongs to macrophages was studied. CD68 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is highly expressed by human monocytes and tissue macrophages (Horik

• GPR is present primarily in the pancreas

  2022-09-08

  

  GPR119 is present primarily in the pancreas and the intestine. Activation of GPR119 increases insulin, GLP-1, GIP and PYY secretion. GPR119 agonists stimulate insulin release in a glucose-dependent manner. The glucose dependent insulin secretion (GIDS) mechanism makes GPR119 an attractive target for

• br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion A synoptic

  2022-09-08

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion A synoptic review of these cases will be given. In Case 1 the process presented in a photodistributed fashion in a 79-year-old woman; while the infiltrate was atypical, it was non-effacing with polyclonal molecular studies. The disease eventually res

• Sepsis was defined as a systemic inflammatory

  2022-09-07

  

  Sepsis was defined as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) associated with severe infection in 1992 [9]. However, in the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock [10], it was redefined as life-threatening organ dysfunction provoked by a dysregulated host resp

• Histamine functions as a key

  2022-09-07

  

  Histamine functions as a key neurotransmitter in multiple circuits to control various behaviors. In Drosophila photoreceptor, ac 723 is produced de novo by histidine decarboxylase (Burg et al., 1993); meanwhile, maintaining normal histamine content also depends on the histamine recycling pathway (B

• The LBD experiences a large scale

  2022-09-07

  

  The LBD experiences a large-scale conformational transition between open and closed states upon agonist binding within the cleft separating the two lobes of the domain. The upper lobe (Lobe 1, also called D1) is connected to the ATD, and the lower lobe (Lobe 2, also called D2) is connected to the TM

• In accordance with its similarity to classical NLSs Importin

  2022-09-07

  

  In accordance with its similarity to classical NLSs, Importin α3 was recently reported as a nuclear transport receptor for Ci (). We therefore superimposed the Gli1 NLS model with the Importin α2 structure (3EFX), which has a structure similar to Drosophila Importin α3 () (Fig. 4.4B). Gli1 NLS fitte

• Neither GIP nor GIPR SNPs

  2022-09-07

  

  Neither GIP nor GIPR SNPs were associated with occurrence of fractures in the OPRA cohort (Table 4). Discussion The basis for this study lies in the role of glucose-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) hormone in the regulation of insulin secretion as well as its anabolic effect on osteoblasts and inhib

• The biological actions of ghrelin

  2022-09-07

  

  The biological actions of ghrelin are mainly due to its interaction with GHSR-1a (Howard et al., 1996). The pharmacological properties of D-Lys3-GHRP-6, a selective antagonist of GHSR-1a, have been extensively studied (Beck et al., 2004, Benso et al., 2007, Sibilia et al., 2006). To study the recept

• br Methods br Results br Discussion

  2022-09-07

  

  Methods Results Discussion In this study, we investigated temperature effects on Vj-gating properties of two cardiac GJs. In the case of Cx45 GJs, increased temperature from 22 °C to 28 °C (or 32 °C) led to an accelerated Vj-dependent deactivation with little change in the extent of Vj-gati

• Ionotropic aminobutyric acid GABA receptors GABARs belong to

  2022-09-07

  

  Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric JP 1302 dihydrochloride (GABA) receptors (GABARs) belong to the Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channel (LGIC) superfamily and play an important role in the rapid inhibitory synaptic transmission in nervous systems of both vertebrate and invertebrate (Buckingham et al., 2005). I

• br Ethics approval br Availability of

  2022-09-07

  

  Ethics approval Availability of data and materials Consent for publication Competing interests Authors contributions Introduction Glucose supply to tissues is maintained through a complex regulatory network mostly driven by the pancreatic hormones insulin and glucagon which control

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